Penfield's Homunculus v. Integrate-Isolate Model

Published in Nature [1], 'A Somato-Cognitive Action Network Alternates with Effector Regions in Motor Cortex' found that "the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternative with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas" ([1], p351). The authors propose a dual-system of inter-effector and effector-isolating regions: the former coordinate whole-organism action and the later fine motor regions are "organised somatotopically as three concentric functional zones, with distal parts of the effector at the centre and proximal ones on the perimeter" ([1], p356).